Untreated diabetes can lead to many serious medical problems including heart disease and stroke. An A1c level of 6. If you smoke, talk to your healthcare provider at your next healthcare visit about approaches to help quit.
Also discuss your diet and physical activity habits. If tests are normal, it is reasonable to repeat testing at a minimum of 3-year intervals. It's important to know how to do it correctly, especially if your doctor has recommended that you regularly monitor your blood pressure.
Written by American Heart Association editorial staff and reviewed by science and medicine advisers. See our editorial policies and staff. Consumer Health Care. J Am Coll Cardiol ;e— J Am Coll Cardiol. J Am Coll Cardiol ;— Circulation — Clinician Resources. Patient Resources. In Press. Here are the highlights of the guideline: Risk assessments are used to determine the likelihood of a patient developing cardiovascular disease, heart attack or stroke in the future.
Diet Diet is a vital tool for lowering cholesterol and blood pressure levels, which are two major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Patients with high cholesterol and high blood pressure levels should eat plenty of vegetables, fruits and whole grains and incorporate low-fat dairy products, poultry, fish, legumes, non-tropical vegetable oils and nuts into their diet.
They should also limit intake of sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages and red meats. Patients who need to lower their cholesterol should reduce saturated and trans fat intake. Patients with high blood pressure should consume no more than 2, mg of sodium a day, ideally reducing sodium intake to 1, mg a day. However, even reducing sodium intake in one's current diet by 1, mg each day can help lower blood pressure.
It's important to adapt the recommendations above, keeping in mind calorie requirements, as well as, personal and cultural food preferences. Nutrition therapy for other conditions like diabetes should also be considered. Doing so helps create healthy eating patterns that are realistic and sustainable. Physical Activity Regular physical activity helps lower cholesterol and blood pressure, reducing the risk for cardiovascular disease.
In general, adults should engage in aerobic physical activity times a week with each session lasting an average of 40 minutes. Moderate brisk walking or jogging to vigorous running or biking physical activity is recommended to reduce cholesterol levels.
Here is what every patient should know about the treatment of overweight and obesity: Definition of obesity: Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it can have an adverse effect on one's health.
Key Points Based on the most up-to-date and complete look at available clinical trial results: Health care providers should focus on identifying those people who are most likely to have a heart attack or stroke and make sure they are given effective treatment to reduce their risk.
These tests may include: Lifetime risk estimates —how likely you are to have a heart attack and stroke during your lifetime Coronary artery calcium CAC score —a test that shows the presence of plaque or fatty build-up in the heart artery walls High-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein CRP —a blood test that measures the amount of CRP, a marker of inflammation or irritation in the body; higher levels have been associated with heart attack and stroke Ankle-brachial index ABI —the ratio of the blood pressure in the ankle compared to blood pressure in the arm, which can predict peripheral artery disease PAD If you have very high levels of low-density lipoprotein LDL or "bad" cholesterol, your care provider may want to find out if you have a genetic or familial form of hypercholesterolemia.
Your Treatment Plan Before coming up with a specific treatment plan, your care provider will talk with you about options for lowering your blood cholesterol and reducing your personal risk of atherosclerotic disease. Heart-Healthy Lifestyle Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle continues to be the first and best way to lower your risk of problems.
Experts suggest: Eating a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains ; this also includes low-fat dairy products, poultry, fish, legumes, and nuts; it limits intake of sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages and red meats.
Maintaining a healthy weight. Not smoking or getting help quitting. Medications There are two types of cholesterol-lowering medications: statins and non-statins.
Statin Therapy There is a large body of evidence that shows the use of a statin provides the greatest benefit and fewest safety issues. Sometimes more than one statin needs to be tried before finding the one that works best. Other cholesterol-lowering medications Not all patients will be able to take the optimum dose of statin. Are limited from taking an optimal dose due to other drugs that you are taking, including: Transplant drug regimens to prevent rejection Multiple drugs to treat HIV Some antibiotics like erythromycin and clarithromycin or certain oral anti-fungal drugs As always, it's important to talk with your health care provider about which medication is right for you.
What About Having Goals of Treatment? Staying on Top of Your Risk Take steps to lower your risk factors for heart attack, stroke and other problems —Make healthy choices eating a healthy diet, getting exercise, maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking. Take your medications as directed. Questions to Ask What are my risk factors for heart attack and stroke?
Is my cholesterol high enough that it might be due to a genetic condition? What lifestyle changes can I make to stay healthy and prevent problems? Do I need to be on a statin? How do I monitor how I am doing? What should I do if I develop muscle aches or weakness after starting the statin? What do I do if I have other symptoms after starting the statin? Groups that Benefit from Statin Therapy Infographic. Release of Liability You assume all risks associated with use of the Product including, but not limited to any harm, injury or damages resulting directly or indirectly from the use of the Product, all such risks being known and understood by You.
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About the App. This app was last updated:. Provide feedback:. Target patient population:. The initial risk estimate should form the basis for a discussion that includes: - Burden and severity of CVD risk factors and control of these risk factors. For all patients, appropriate lifestyle modification should be recommended. In patients at higher absolute predicted risk for ASCVD typically, a year estimated risk more intensive lifestyle efforts are recommended.
The Million Hearts Longitudinal ASCVD Risk Assessment equations can also help to quantify potential benefits of preventive therapies based on high-quality evidence, and can be accessed in the Therapy Impact tab at the top of this app. In addition, in patients at intermediate year risk 7. In such cases, additional testing should only be used if it can provide sufficient information to modify the decision.
Presently, the best additional test to help reclassify ASCVD risk in these situations is measurement of a CAC score for decision-making regarding statin therapy. How to use this app for risk assessment:. This is most appropriate if this is the first time you are seeing a patient at an initial visit. Enter data from both today and a previous visit. This is most appropriate if you have seen a patient before. To turn this graphic into a handout for your patient, take a screen shot, save, and print.
Resources Screen: Visit this tab in the app for A sample practice scenario for how to use this app with a patient Definitions of key terms, concepts, and calculations in the app Related tools and informational resources for both clinicians and patients Links to reference documents. How was this App developed? However, with the personalization possible with an Internet-based tool, the Harvard Cancer Risk Index was developed into an online assessment and renamed Your Cancer Risk and offered assessments for four cancers: breast, colon, lung and prostate.
The site was launched in January , and six months later, eight additional cancers were added, bringing the total to 12 3. In , heart disease, stroke, diabetes and osteoporosis were added to the tool, and the site was renamed Your Disease Risk to better reflect the range of disorders covered by the assessment.
Because many common chronic diseases share risk factors, the expansion of the site to Your Disease Risk was thought to better promote the importance of a healthy lifestyle to lowering disease risks and improving health. Your Disease Risk has a simple, straightforward interface. Questionnaires can be completed in a matter of minutes. Permission is granted, at no cost and without need for further request, for individuals, media outlets, and non-commercial education and awareness efforts to link to, quote, excerpt or reprint from these stories in any medium as long as no text is altered and proper attribution is made to American Heart Association News.
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If you have or suspect that you have a medical problem or condition, please contact a qualified health care professional immediately.
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